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- BUSINESS, Page 53Crackdown on the Swiss Laundry
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- Stung by a scandal, the government aims to block drug money
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- Behind every successful drug syndicate lies a complex
- mechanism for recycling bundles of tainted cash into
- respectable assets. But until two years ago, when Los Angeles
- narcotics officers seized three Zurich-bound suitcases stuffed
- with $2 million in currency, there was little hard evidence to
- implicate the venerable granite-walled banks of Switzerland in
- such schemes. Since then Swiss banks have been chastened by the
- disclosure that their accounts were used in a billion-dollar
- money-laundering operation. The resulting political scandal, in
- which the Justice Minister was forced to resign, ranks as the
- worst in modern Swiss history.
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- In response, the Swiss government has promised to draft
- tough anti-laundering legislation by mid-May. Last week the
- federal banking commission announced that it will introduce
- stiff regulations on bank-note trading to prevent drug
- traffickers and other criminals from using the country's famed
- secret bank accounts. The commission also published a 28-page
- report that faulted Credit Suisse, which handled the bulk of
- the money in the billion-dollar scheme, for inadequately
- supervising its accounts.
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- Money laundering is not a crime in Switzerland unless it can
- be shown that the cash flows from criminal activities. Yet
- Switzerland is a magnet for money launderers because of its
- legitimate multibillion-dollar trade in foreign bank notes. As
- much as 3,000 lbs. of foreign currency arrives daily at
- Zurich's Kloten airport. Much of the cash represents earnings
- from tourism, which each country's banks exchange for local
- currency. Swiss authorities are investigating charges that
- Lebanese currency dealer Barkev Magharian, 35, and his brother
- Jean, 44, both of whom are now in custody, took advantage of
- that market by laundering around $1 billion, a sum that
- allegedly included drug profits. At least some of the proceeds
- were reportedly sent back to drug kingpins in Los Angeles.
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- In a report last year on the money-laundering affair, Swiss
- Federal Prosecutor Dick Marty mentioned the Zurich
- currency-dealing firm Sharkarchi Trading. The company denies
- any involvement in money laundering. Shortly before publication
- of the prosecutor's report, Hans Kopp, a prominent Zurich
- lawyer and husband of Justice Minister Elisabeth Kopp, resigned
- his positions as a director and vice chairman of Sharkarchi.
- Mrs. Kopp later resigned after admitting that she had warned
- her husband of the impending scandal. A criminal probe will
- determine whether she violated official strictures of secrecy.
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- The laundering affair has focused attention on the need for
- other Swiss banking reforms. One possible target: the absence of
- requirements for full, consolidated financial statements. Most
- Swiss banks use evasive but perfectly legal bookkeeping that
- eliminates disclosures about the performance of parts of their
- holdings. What remains to be seen is how vigorously the banks
- will defend themselves against the reform wave and whether their
- reputation for probity and prudence will survive the fray.
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